PTE写作题型：SWT例题讲解

各位正在备考PTE的同学们，今天羊驼给大家带来的是老师讲解的PTE写作SWT题型的例题讲解：Ethics，文章一共从生难词积累、原文解析，没有必要去看懂原文，要关注是不是有些单词是反复出现的，或者有没有信号词或者是信号句，辅助的一些方法，去找到并组成这道题最终的答案。

原文：

Ethics is a set of moral obligations that define right and wrong in our practices and decisions. Many professions have a formalized system of ethical practices that help guide professionals in the field. For example, doctors commonly take the Hippocratic Oath, which, among other things, states that doctors do no harm to their patients. Engineers follow an ethical guide that states that they hold paramount the safety, health, and welfare of the public. Within these professions as well as within science, the principles become so ingrained that practitioners rarely have to think about adhering to the ethic - it's part of the way they practice. And a breach of ethics is considered very serious, punishable at least within the profession (by revocation of a license, for example, and sometimes by the law as well). Scientific ethics calls for honesty and integrity in all stages of scientific practice, from reporting results regardless to properly attributing collaborators. This system of ethics guides the practice of science, from data collection to publication and beyond. As in other professions, the scientific ethic is deeply integrated into the way scientists work, and they are aware that the reliability of their work and scientific knowledge, in general, depends upon adhering to that ethic. Many of the ethical principles in science relate to the production of unbiased scientific knowledge which is critical when others try to build upon or extend research findings. The open publication of data, peer review, replication, and collaboration required by the scientific ethic all help to keep science moving forward by validating research findings and confirming or raising questions about results.

答案：

 Ethics is a set of moral obligations that define right and wrong in our practices and decisions, and many professions have a formalized system of ethical practices that help guide professionals in the field, but a breach of ethics is considered very serious, punishable, and the scientific ethic in other professions is deeply integrated into the way scientists work. (59 words)

解析：

Ethics is a set of moral obligations that define right and wrong in our practices and decisions.

伦理学是一套道德义务，它定义了我们在实践和决策中的对错。

Many professions have a formalized system of ethical practices that help guide professionals in the field.

许多职业都有一个正式的道德实践体系，帮助指导该领域的专业人士。

For example, doctors commonly take the Hippocratic Oath, which, among other things, states that doctors do no harm "to their patients.

例如，医生通常会遵循希波克拉底誓言(Hippocratic Oath)，该誓言声明医生不会“伤害”他们的病人。

Engineers follow an ethical guide that states that they "hold paramount the safety, health, and welfare of the public."

工程师遵循的道德准则是，他们"把公众的安全、健康和福利放在首位”。

Within these professions as well as within science, the principles become so ingrained that practitioners rarely have to think about adhering to the ethic - it's part of the way they practice.在这些专业领域和科学领域，这些原则变得如此根深蒂固，以至于从业者很少需要考虑是否要遵守伦理——这是他们实践的一部分方式。

And a breach of ethics is considered very serious, punishable at least within the profession (by revocation of a license, for example, and sometimes by the law as well).

违反职业道德被认为是非常严重的，至少在职业范围内会受到惩罚(例如吊销执照，有时也会受到法律制裁)。

Scientific ethics calls for honesty and integrity in all stages of scientific practice, from reporting results regardless to properly attributing collaborators.

科学伦理要求在科学实践的各个阶段都要诚实和正直，从不计后果地报告结果到恰当地确定合作者的身份。

This system of ethics guides the practice of science, from data collection to publication and beyond.

这一伦理体系指导着科学实践，从数据收集到出版以及其他方面。

As in other professions, the scientific ethic is deeply integrated into the way scientists work, and they are aware that the reliability of their work and scientific knowledge, in general, depends upon adhering to that ethic.

和其他职业一样，科学伦理深深融入了科学家的工作方式，他们意识到，他们的工作和科学知识的可靠性，一般来说，取决于坚持这种伦理。

Many of the ethical principles in science relate to the production of unbiased scientific knowledge which is critical when others try to build upon or extend research findings.

科学中的许多伦理原则都与公正的科学知识的产生有关，当其他人试图建立或扩展研究成果时，公正的科学知识是至关重要的。

The open publication of data, peer review, replication, and collaboration required by the scientific ethic all help to keep science moving forward by validating research findings and confirming or raising questions about results.

科学伦理所要求的数据的公开发表、同行评审、复制和合作，都有助于通过验证研究发现、确认或提出对结果的疑问来推动科学前进。

第一部分：生难词积累

1、首先我们来看一下单词积累，Ethics指的是行为准则、道德原则，还有伦理，那么在这道题当中，它更多指的是跟伦理相关的事情；obligation，也是表示义务或者是责任，但是它跟duty这个单词会有点区别，比方说我作为老师，我今天的duty就是要去录制一篇SWT的高频微课，但是这是我的obligation么？可能我会打一个问号，因为它更多的是偏向于法律上或者是道义上的一些责任和义务；

2、Profession, 职业，+al的形容词的后缀，专业的，You so professional, 你真是在职业上做的特别好啊，那么它的名词形式就是profession；Integrate，动词融合、合并、把什么合并在一起；Ingrained是一个形容词啊，来自于动词的变体哈，那么它是指的是根深蒂固的，彻头彻尾的。

第二部分：原文解析

1、这道题讲的是伦理，本身就是一种抽象的概念，然后他所讲的一些事情又好像一大堆生难词放在一块，就会给人一种好像很难的感觉，所以当拿到这种题目的时候，我给各位的建议就是没有必要去看懂它，本身时间也是比较紧张的，要关注是不是有些单词是反复出现的，或者有没有信号词或者是信号句。

2、首先就是讲ethic到底是什么东西，又是位于这篇文章的开头，所以第一句话我一定会要。我们看右边，它是一套道德义务什么什么，它就是在给你做定义，告诉你它是这道题的主旨。many professions have a formalized systems of ethical practice，That help guide profess field, 这是这道题的核心，因为我们看后面profession ethic ETH profession ethical ethic profession, 到处都是profesion, 所以这个地方的第二句话我也会要它，很多职业都会有一个职业内部的道德行为准则。

3、For example, 看到这个for example, 就知道后面是对前面的举例说明。所以前面这两句话我都要。紧接着就是对于这句话的一个for example，the as in other professions, 前面是某种fess，后面是as in other profession, 这是不是也是一个信号，告诉你一方面是怎么样，另外一方面怎样。所以把and和as直接替换成on the one hand on the other hand, 那你一下就能够明白了，但是它这里相对来说有点难，这个地方你也要能够慧眼识珠的把它快速找到。

4、我们看到这个地方讲违反道德规范是很严重的，然后告诉你怎么严重，比方说吊销执照、受到法律的制裁等等。在别的一些职业当中，科学伦理融入了科学家的实验方法和工作方式。后面就告诉你什么叫做科学伦理、怎么样融入、跟科学家之间又有什么关系。所以我们有时候能快速找到一些辅助的信号词，辅助的一些方法，去找到这道题最终的答案。

第三部分：组成答案

在这篇文章里，我们发现标红这几句话很重要，用and连词相连就可以了。然后这个参考答案其实只有59个字，这个情况我会希望你再多加一点东西，凑到差不多70个字左右。无论如何，在这道题当中，一定要在答案当中出现Ethics，这篇文章主要的论证方向、profession，在某种profession当中，在other profession当中，所以这个也一定要，多多益善。